SIX IMPORTANT Lessons Learned while ‘Backpacking’

Written by Farah Hanani Sukri

 

You need to experience backpacking at least once in your lifetime to get out of your comfort zone. As the saying goes, “Life can be like a rollercoaster, sometimes you need to go through hard times alone.” By backpacking, you can finally discover your true strengths and weaknesses. Here are six (6) important lessons that one can get from being a backpacker:

 

  • Become more organized

The first thing that will change you is, you will become more organized, more than before as you yourself will have to arrange all your clothes, toiletries, and other items properly into a bag pack. Usually, when you are backpacking, you will want to minimize your carry-ons and not bring more than two carriers.

 

In addition to that, you also become independent, especially when you decide to travel to an unfamiliar territory. From this experience, you will learn basic survival skills because firstly, you will need to think about transportation. This is very important because you need to think on how you want to go from one place to another. Secondly, you need to do research on what are the must-do’s and the attractive places you should visit. So, you should have an itinerary and other materials that will help you achieve this. It is a MUST for you to do some research about the place that you will go to. Automatically, these will help you become more organized, as you know what you want and how to plan for it.

 

  • Become more open minded

            When you travel, you will experience new culture and meet new people. Somehow, it is an opportunity for you to learn their culture and beliefs. It is not for you to judge their culture, like it being weird, just because you are not familiar with their culture. You need to respect their differences, as you are an outsider.

 

The value gained from backpacking is, it gives you a new perspective where you can experience it ‘live’ rather than just reading and hearing it from someone. The act of being somewhere you are not familiar with allows you to fully immerse yourself and appreciate new horizons, people and culture. Their clothes used for different events are especially interesting to learn. You just need to have the courage to start a conversation, and this will eventually help you make new friends from other cultures, giving you a better understanding of their practices, turning all the curiosities into discoveries.

 

  • Become more independent

Some people think backpacking is difficult to do because you need to prepare lots of thing before you start backpacking. But somehow, I believe that you can overcome this if you one hundred percent prepared, by doing the necessary research on the country, as it will ease your journey.

 

Moreover, single travelling can also be considered as an ability to be alone but not lonely, which means that you will experience lots of things during your backpacking journey, but at the same time, you also will learn to accept the hard times because you know that only YOU can help yourself in difficult times. Automatically, it helps you to think creatively to solve a problem. I believe            that people who often travel think more creatively and are better at adjusting to new environments because only you will rescue yourself.

 

  • Overcome fear/conflict and be more confident

Backpacking is an activity that takes you out from you comfort zone by experiencing the unfamiliar. Before this, if you are fearful of something, you tend to avoid them. But when you are a backpacker, you need to overcome your fears if you want your travels to go as planned. For example, you have anxiety when   communicating with strangers because you are an introvert. You need to overcome this as a backpacker, to make yourself confident of your new surroundings. If you are lost at ‘nowhere’, by hook or by crook, you will need          to start asking people where you are. Do not feel afraid if they do not       understand you, because technology can assist you. You can show them pictures of building, park, etc. to find your way back. This one experience for instance, can teach you to become more confident in facing people, and help you overcome personal conflicts.

 

  • Appreciate time

You have already prepared the itinerary for your backpacking trip and you will follow      the flow just to make sure you will not miss doing things and visiting worthy places. This at the end, helps you to manage time and be appreciative of every second. If you delay and deviate from your plans, you may need to skip to other activities and miss the attractive places you should have visited. This is very wasteful because the point of backpacking is to experience something new and see something new in your life.

 

  • Utilize things

            You will start to realize that every single thing is very important compared to the time when you are in your comfort zone. Maybe before, you did not need to use them because you had a variety of options, but when you are backpacking, you have limited options. You will only realize its value and how much it will help you during your backpacking travels.

 

The Reality Television Programs in Malaysia.

Written By Amirah Sohaimi

 

Reality TV is typically defined as a non-fictional programming in which portrayal is presumed to present current, historical events or circumstances. The production itself must be a realistic account.  Generally included in this category are news and public affairs programming, interviews, talk shows, entertainment, or news programming, documentaries, real world events, police or emergency worker drama, and live quiz shows.

Over the years, the media industry in Malaysia has witnessed a growing and troubling trend of media ownership concentration and consolidation, which was triggered by economic and to some extent, political reflections. The Government, in general, supports the Islamic religious establishment and infuses Islamic values into the administration and official policy of the country. The centralization of Islam occurred most extensively under the Mahathir Government, starting from about the mid-1980s onwards.

In a multicultural society, media in Malaysia has some of the toughest censorship laws; and it is becoming very challenging for media to produce shows in terms of breaking the boundaries of the religious rules. However, with globalization the West, it clearly has influenced the Malaysian media industry. Malaysia has imported a lot of reality television shows from the West. Although there are still restrictions on what can be shown on the local television, but the changes are a huge step in the Malaysian media industry.

When we are exposed to a wide range of imported western TV programs, to some extent we can see a change in the pattern of our daily lives. But this does not mean that Malaysians are 100% influenced by the Western culture.

Although Malaysians have expressed their views on reality TV, there are signs of conflict that comes from other critics such as academics, politicians, entertainers and even from ordinary citizens. Some do agree that the lack of Asian values portrayed in the content of the local reality TV programs is the cause of the erosion of Asian values in today’s community.

We must realize that conflicts and dilemma may arise between people who wish to accept foreign cultures and those who wish to maintain their traditional cultures and reject the external values and beliefs. We must accept the criticisms, comments and arguments with regard to the positive and negative values portrayed in the reality TV programs. In the end, we are all hand-in-hand promoting Malaysia’s nation-building exercises towards a developed nation.

Surely your kids won’t mistakenly find inappropriate content on social media sites like YouTube?

Written by Noor Zahra Zamalik

Have you ever experienced seeing kids around you watching YouTube everywhere they go? These kids could be your family members, relatives, or children of friends whom their parents give absolute freedom to hold onto devices, allowing them watch videos from YouTube with limited guidance. Since 2013, YouTube has become the most popular on-demand service with more than half of the audiences accessing TV and video via the site. According to Ofcom’s report, youngsters between the age of 5 – 15 years old spend about 15 hours each week online, whereas preschoolers aged 3 – 4 years old are spending around 8 hours and 18 minutes a week online.

 

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Image credit: Dailymail.co.uk

73% respondents aged between 5 – 15 years prefer YouTube as their popular online destination to access to multiple content genre, while 37% of preschoolers typically select video contents with cartoons and mini-movies. However, do the parents realize that some of the content in these videos are inappropriate to be viewed by kids? Sadly, there is a huge number of videos on YouTube that showcase parodies based on kids’ cartoons such as Peppa Pig and Dora the Explorer series, depicting adult themed contents, uploaded by irresponsible producers. These videos are obviously inappropriate for the original show’s target audiences. Hence, this ‘new’ content is dangerous in the sense that it would be mistakenly adopted by the child as the real thing.

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Image Credit: YouTube.com

Many channels on YouTube share videos of popular cartoon characters and have been ensuring that their content is safe and child-friendly. However, there still exist contents which are beyond a child’s imagination as they are found to illustrate violent or sexual undertones. In a video entitled “Doc McStuffins”, the lead character is shown to have been injected with needles, covered in blood and throwing stones at neighbours’ homes. Another one, in a series called “Toys and Funny Kids Surprise Eggs”, its videos are titled as “Naked Hulk loses his pants”, “Baby Hulk bites baby Elsa” and “Spider Baby cuts Elsa Dress”. According to the report, some of the popular scenes in YouTube is where the model of Elsa from “Frozen” character became pregnant and is about to deliver a baby, but she is naked in a bath tub and has intercourse with her spouse, which is a Spiderman character. Fortunately, some of these channels have been removed from YouTube after parents voiced out their concerns.

The Internet has given freedom to children to view any content of their interest, instead of being tied to the programmes from the television and magazines. In 2012, a Californian teen died from a freak accident after trying to duplicate a stunt he saw on YouTube called the “good kids’ high”. It was reported that the teen and his two friends were watching a YouTube video of how to pass out on purpose before trying it out themselves.

As such, there are evident risks involved when parents do not restrict certain contents for their kids to view. It may end up in tragedy, violent or criminalistics behaviour, as well as exposing children to sexual intercourse from a very young age. Although YouTube offers a ‘restricted mode’ at the bottom of the page to avoid inappropriate contents, the option does not look promising as it is not 100% filtered, nor is it accurate. To remedy this, YouTube Kids app was introduced for kids and most of the videos here are filtered from having dangerous contents.

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Image Credit: The Conversation

It is only natural that kids’ development grow when they use the Internet and participate in online video viewing. However, as YouTube deals with a larger targeted audience, it is hoped that parents are more alert and observant of the online contents viewed by their kids.

References

Lupkin, S. (2012, Sept 28). Dangerous Stunt Seen on YouTube Hurting, Even Killing Teens. Retrieved from abc NEWS: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/dangerous-stunts-YouTube-hurting-killing-teens/story?id=17342485

Murphy, M. (2017, March 27). These Sick YouTube Videos are Disguised as Popular Cartoons. Retrieved from New York Post: http://nypost.com/2017/03/27/these-sick-YouTube-videos-are-disguised-as-popular-cartoons/

Ofcom. (2016, November 16). Online Overtakes TV as Kids’ Top Pastime. Retrieved from Ofcom Making Communications Work for Everyone: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/features-and-news/childrens-media-use

Panda Security. (2017, May). Is YouTube Safe for Your Kids? Retrieved from Panda Mediacenter: http://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/family-safety/YouTube-safe-kids/

Wakefield, J. (2015, March 27). Children Spend Six Hours or More a Day on Screens. Retrieved from BBC News: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32067158

THE PLIGHT OF ROHINGYA: A CONTEMPORARY GENOCIDE AS REPORTED BY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL NEWS

 

WRITTEN BY BALQIS ARIFFIN

The persecution of the Rohingya, the stateless minority in Myanmar has escalated rapidly with the violence that erupted again in August this year which saw its militant group, Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) clashing with the Myanmar’s military, forcing the former to flee for their lives to neighboring countries.

Eventually, the continuous atrocities against this group sparked a global outrage and it has become the primary debate as Myanmar tries to conceal their practice of ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya.

Following a recent response by the Myanmar government, especially by its de facto leader and Noble prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, her justification has been condemned by world leaders as she failed to address the problem and even referred the situation as an act against terrorism.

It is universally acknowledged that such controversy is an inhumane practice of genocide that was somehow obsolete but is still used as a warfare tool in contemporary culture. Relating to this, the Bangladesh National Commission for Human Right is now contemplating to press charges for genocide at the international court against Myanmar and its military group.

Apart from that, further observation on the news coverage pertaining to the Rohingya between Al Jazeera and the New Straits Times showed similarities, particularly on how the news were reported. Attention to the plight of the Rohingyas was initiated by these journalists, describing the group to be denied of basic human rights by the government, and most importantly, their citizenship was not acknowledged in their home country, rendering them stateless.

Both news agencies also homogenously instill the notion that such violence inflicted on the Rohingya minority was a form of genocide, or ethnic cleansing by reporting the statements from world leaders and related agency.

However, such support shown does not affect impartiality, as both Al Jazeera and the New Straits Times acted as neutral parties in their reports on ties between the Islamist extremist and the Rohingya. To support this view, another article published by both Al Jazeera and the New Straits Times were referred to, and it highlighted alternative perspectives which served as a tool to defend the Rohingya community against any relations with the terrorist groups.

This is evident as the New Straits Times have published an article that cited Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Anifah Aman’s statement during the 72nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly, in which he stated that the failure to address and resolve the situation has unfortunately created an opportunity for terrorism, knowing that civilians are prone to be manipulated and recruited.

Meanwhile, Al Jazeera has also published an article which quoted a statement from the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) denying any ties or involvement with extremist groups.

Perhaps, such situation has triggered a global quest as it reminded us of the notorious Holocaust or even the suffering experienced by the Palestinian, that was denied their basic human rights and freedom in their own homeland.

Most of all, despite persistent coverage and global demand for permanent resolution, the current fate of the Rohingya minority remains unknown if Myanmar still fails to acknowledge the core of the problem.

What’s on the mind of a bully?

Written by Nadiah Zainal

Lately we have been shocked by the news of students being bullied at school, especially in boarding school. These past months, three bullying incident has occurred in three different MRSM schools. The boarding school bullying patterns are still the same, the exact pattern when I was in boarding school donkey years ago. The senior students will bully the junior student by instructing them to do their daily chores like washing the seniors’ clothes and shoes, ironing their school uniform, and evening buying them food with the victim’s money. No amount of teaching will lessen the bullying cases and it will continue until something drastic is being done. The case of the UPNM student who was bullied by beating and even putting hot iron on the victim’s body shows that something is not right somewhere.

What is the root to all these bullying? Did it start from home? Are these bullies having psychological problems? Do they need psychiatric treatment? Who should we blame? The parents? The school management, the school system, who? We truly need to get to the bottom of these bullying issues because it has led to two deaths just recently. One was of the boy from the religious school, the other was the student from UPNM. Punishing them alone is not the answer. Sending them back home for two or three weeks only gratifies them and the get to sit at home and do nothing. Are they sent for psychiatric evaluation? The councillors at school and at the universities need to prepare a standard operating procedures on what would be the best way to treat this issue which is beginning to spread.

According to Stump (2015), one of the reasons that bullies continues to bullying other people is they have lower levels of depression. It has become a trend and if this is not treated it will lead to a society that has no sense of compassion, sympathy and empathy. What happened to the moral values that have been talked about and also in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013-2025)? Have they not been inculcated in the curriculum by the teachers? Has it been ignored by educators? So many questions but there is no one single answer that could see the light to the solution. Students look upon elders as their role model. The adults among our society have shown so much of bullying that it doesn’t come as a surprise that school children at whatever age will emulated these acts of bullying by the adult and more mature society. We need help, and we need to act fast. Stop the bullying before it worsened and becomes a cycle. We need to adhere to proverbs like “do onto others as others do onto you”. The national philosophy of education stated that education is supposed to inculcate values that include being tolerant, compassionate so that we are able to live harmoniously in a society that has several races and religion. What has happened to that? Someone definitely need to be responsible and do something to fix it. A bullying society is a sick society and this has to STOP!!

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Source: http://www.pbs.org

Reference:

Stump, S. (2015 August 4). Study: bullies have higher self-esteem, social status and lower

levels of depressions. Today. Retrieved from http://www.today.com/parents/study-bullies-have-higher-self-esteem-social-status-lower-levels-t36271

MALAYSIA’S MEDICAL TOURISM

written by Eric Rosli

image credit: estate123

Does the term ‘medical tourism’ is unusual or strange to you? Medical tourism can be defined as an activity that one makes in travelling and hosting a tourist stays for one or more nights at the destination region in the purpose of maintaining, improving or restoring health through medical intervention.

Medical tourism is rapidly developing throughout the country and Malaysia in particular has become one of the popular destinations due to our competitive medical fees and modern medical facilities. Although medical tourism in Malaysia is still growing, but looking at its pace and the path its taking now can make it through the market due to its strong public health care delivery system in that country being regarded as one of the best in the Asia-Pacific region.

But why Malaysia you asked? Well, Malaysia has a lot to offer when it comes to medical tourism e.g. preferred health care travel destination due to friendly and highly professional medical staff, internationally accredited hospital, world-class hospitals with the state-of-the-art medical facilities, affordable costs of procedures, English-speaking population, safe and friendly environment for visitors.

image credit: MHTC

Under the Ministry of Health Malaysia, an agency called Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC) helped to raise Malaysia on par as the world’s class healthcare services. The MHTC has opened MHTC Concierge and Lounge in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) and Penang International Airport (PIA) as the first points of contact for many travelers on their health journeys in Malaysia. Since 2011, the healthcare travelers has been increasing from 643,000 to 859,000 in 2015.

On that note, in many years to come we do hope that medical tourism may keep developing and improving in Malaysia and will positioning the country to be an attractive destination for not only commercial but also medical tourism with the hope to gain lucrative benefits.

Reference
Communications and Publicity Division of Tourism Malaysia. (2008, October). Health Tourism in Malaysia. Retrieved from Tourism Malaysia: http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/images/media/features/Health%20Tourism%20Oct%202008.pdf
Omar, R., & Doling, J. (2000). Health Care in Malaysia. In Issues and Challenges of Social Policy (pp. 29-49). Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Liow, L. T. (2010, April 12). Keynote Address and Official Opening. Healthcare Tourism Congress. KLCC
Musa, G. (2011). Going global in healthcare tourism. Productivity Conference 2011: Productivity in the era of innovation. Malaysian Production

7 Important Things You Should Know Before You Go to Maldives

Written by Wan Anis Ilyani bt Wan Mohammad Azhar 

If you are the type of person who likes beaches, Maldives definitely will be the place.

Called it as a tropical paradise, the beauty of Maldives is none like other. There are more than 1,190 islands in Maldives, all of them are surrounded by white sandy beaches. Not only that all the islands are filled with more than five thousand coral reefs, corals, plenty of reef fishes and so many other marine lives.

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With all these beauties, Maldives is truly a great place to go, which offer you wonderful experience to visit.

I had the chance to visit Maldives last few weeks for six days, and all I can say is the place is totally amazing! It such a place where all the dreams are made of; transparent blue lagoons, bright sun, white sand beaches and fresh air.

Well if you are considering to visit Maldives soon, and looking for general tips and advice, this is the place to start.

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  1. 100% Islamic Country

Other than Saudi Arabia, Maldives was also known as Muslim country. Of course, you do not have to worry about the foods because there are all halal. Unlike Malaysia, many shops and services including on resort islands are closed during a certain time for prayers.

  1. Bikini Beach

As it is a Muslim country, they forbid alcohol and pork from entering the country or being consumed in local islands. Women must cover up their shoulders and legs, which means is no bikini-at-all. You are allowed to wear the bikini only at bikini beach (a place where the tourist are allowed to dress so, but it is forbidden for local people to go in). And you only can drink wine or eat non-halal foods at private resorts.

  1. Getting around for cheap

Without taking a ferry or additional domestic flight, you are not able to go anywhere. To take a ferry to and from Male, the station located at the right near the airport exit. The ferry to Male leaves every 15 minutes for 20-minutes ride and costs you about USD1.

Once you reach Male, you can tale taxi to the main ferry station to access other islands, and it will costs you around USD5.

While public ferry are accessible around the islands and the price range is from USD3 to USD20. But make sure to check the timetable as the ferry are not available at certain time and days.

  1. Artificial Island

Hulhumale, which the Velana Airport, or now known as Ibrahim Nasir International Airport located is a reclaimed or artificial island.

Hulhumale which was created in 2004 by dumping loads of sands and concrete, is now developing with many facilities, houses, and buildings.

Maldives consist of 1,200 coral islands that clustered into atolls and distributed around 90,000 kilometers. All the Maldivian atolls were formed by volcanoes in the Indian Ocean.

  1. USD and Ruffiya

For your information, Maldives’s currency can only be changed when you are in the country. USD is the main currency in Maldives and it is used in all transactions, unlike Ruffiya.

  1. Cafe-Restaurant

If you want to save more, you can choose Cafe instead of Restaurant. In Maldives, restaurant means an exclusive and luxury place. Avoid confusion by checking the signboard before entering cafe or restaurant.

  1. Activities

You can plan and do many activities while you are in Maldives. You can do snorkeling where beaches are so beautiful and transparent when you can even see and play with the fishes and touch the corals. You also get the chance to see the turtle if you go snorkeling at Guraidhoo Island. You can play along with wild dolphins. You’ll enjoy night fishing and scuba diving in Maldives. There’s a lot of activities you can plan and do, but it depends on your budget.

Napercise An Alternative to a Good Sleeping Behaviour and Daily Workout

Written by Nor Diyana Abd Kadir

As the saying goes by “Sleeping is not a luxury, it is a necessity”, one should consider having a good night sleep in maintaining their health, a beautiful appearance and having a mental wellbeing to kick start their day. According to a study conducted by National Sleep Foundation in 2016, the optimal amount of sleep needed for an American adult is about seven to nine hours per night. The study also concluded that having minimal amount of sleeping hours has detrimental effect on a person’s mood, anxiety, depression, work performance, productivity, communication skills, and general wellbeing. A person with sleeping disorder will also show lack of energy to exercise regularly and also loss of appetite to eat healthily due to tiredness during the day. This will in turn have negative effects on their mental and physical health in the long run.

However, this situation has been approached rather differently in United Kingdom where a new phenomenon has spread across the country that help to combat sleeping disorder. David Lloyd Club has introduced a new fitness regime known as ‘Napercise’ which consists of nothing but sleeping – yes, you read it right. The classes have been scientifically designed to reinvigorate the mind, improve moods and burn calories. Unlike any other regular gym you are familiar with, the exercise only involves climbing into bed and napping for 45 minutes.

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Welcomed guests will find themselves in a rather unusual setting from the regular run of the mill fitness clubs as bench presses are swapped for beds and upbeat music ditched in favor of ambient sounds all in name of creating the perfect mood setting. Participants will indulge in a nap session in one of the beds offered for a much needed regeneration before moving on with their day. Interestingly, the club temperature was also set to a level that promotes calorie burning during sleep.

The revolutionary workout routine was inspired base on a research which revealed on ‘tiredness epidemic’ which have spread across United Kingdom, with 86 percent of parents suffering from fatigue and 26 percent regularly getting less than five hours sleep per night. From the same research, statistic has showed that almost one in five tired parents admitting to skip from work and five per cent have forgotten to pick up their children from school due to tiredness from sleeping disorder. Recognizing the important of health benefit for a napping in the daytime David Lloyd Club has partnered with Dreams sleep expert Kathryn Pinkham to address sleeping problems among the exhausted parents and those stressed out with modern life.

Response from the public has been promising ranging from the feedbacks obtained. As one of the club’s representative explains: “Filling an exercise studio with beds might look unusual, but if it proves to be a success, we’re definitely excited at the possibility of rolling out the programme to more of our clubs down the line.”

References

New gym class consists of nothing but SLEEPING for 45 minutes. (2017, May 18). Birmingham Mail. Retrieved from                                                                               http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/napercise-sleeping-david-lloyd-clubs-12952352?service=responsive

The Importance of Beauty Sleep. (2017). Health Business. Retrieved from https://healthpositiveinfo.com/beauty-sleep.html

 

Berita Harian and The Guardian News Coverage on Zunar Charged under Sedition Act

Written by Nasihah Hamid

2016 controversial over the caricature works by Zulkifli Anwar Ulhaque or also known as Zunar at the cartoon exhibition had become a debating issue at local and international level especially as he was charged under Sedition Act 1948 of having a seditious tendency. This famous cartoonist who was known for ridiculing the scandal-plagued of Prime Minister and openly criticises government policies through his cartoon was arrested in Penang state where he was participating in a literary exhibition. His artworks which contained caricature of Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Razak, were raged by Penang UMNO Youth members who claimed that the exhibition should be shut down because it featured a seditious affinity and provoked a breach of the peace. His arrestment has raised several issues including the significant level of freedom of speech and expression in Malaysia.

 Identity

Berita Harian

Berita Harian online or known as BH online served the latest news and in-depth opinions on what is happening in Malaysia. Berita Harian is owned by NSTP (New Straits Times Press Bhd), one of the biggest print media company in Malaysia and somewhat linked to the government’s ruling party Barisan Nasional. Berita Harian still maintains and adopts a moderate, mild and simplified approach in their contents. In fact, this online newspaper also continues its editorial stance of providing serious and credible news.

The Guardian

 This online portal aims to serve the public interest and every article reported is based on the integrity, impartiality and independence not influenced by commercial interest and political pressure. Its principle emphasises on the independence aspects of the newspaper by providing sacred facts in every article published. It also provided readers with comprehensive and breaking news coverage with in-depth analyses stories. The Guardian values the highest principle of truthfulness, objective and fair journalism in every news reporting.

Propaganda

By going through a bunch of headlines and articles after the arrestment of the cartoonist, the analyses show that the BH Online use some of the propaganda techniques to disseminate the stories to the readers. In a sense, the propagandist aspects in the BH Online are looking to turn Zunar into someone who is threatening national peace and security by criticising Prime Minister through his caricature artworks.

As for The Guardian, there is some propaganda used in reporting the case of Zunar arrestment under Sedition Act. By providing the statement of a participant which appraisal Zunar arrestment as government’s disregard for freedom of expression, this shows that The Guardian try to influence the public to perceive this issue as important. In fact, Zunar criticism of prime minister through his caricature is not only what have been highlighted in the articles but they also literally raised the issue of freedom of speech and expression in Malaysia.

Practicalities

As for the BH Online, there are significantly low of freedom speech and expression in the news writing regarding this case. This is because of several reasons such as ownership and regulation within the local policies. The writing bound to favour government side and influence public just the ways it is. As people are questioning Zunar arrestment under Sedition Act, BH Online practically published the government statement explaining the cause of the legal action taken against the cartoonist. However, BH online tends to provide some evidence in the news reporting. For example, an article titled “pameran kartunis Zunar di KOMTAR kecoh” on December 25, 2017 attached readers with a video and pictures of the situation.

In reporting of Zunar case, The Guardian is focusing on the level of repression in Malaysia. As this news portal is international media, thus they are ungoverned by any particular law which gives them the opportunity to implement free writing and express their concern liberally. Rather than emphasise on the reasons for Zunar arrestment, they were highly questioning the Sedition Act and relate it with the freedom of speech and expression in the local scene.  Therefore, this shows that The Guardian is more liberal and practice a high level of freedom in their writing. This also can be seen where they include the 1MDB scandal and Bersih rally in the Zunar news article